Two unequal partners: the EU and its Russian neighbour
Maria Raquel Freire
Núcleo de Relações Internacionais
Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
rfreire@fe.uc.pt
Núcleo de Relações Internacionais
Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
rfreire@fe.uc.pt
The clarification of the relationship between the European Union (EU) and its largest neighbour, the Russian Federation, through the identification of competing interests and cooperation opportunities, along with the analysis of the agendas of these distinct actors, with a particular focus on issues of security and stability, are relevant for the understanding of the EU’s eastern neighbourhood policy. The promotion of a genuine partnership between the EU and Russia is seen as eventually contributing to the stabilisation of the former Soviet space, including Russia itself. However, in this equation of partnership, variables of competition, affirmation and reassurance are defined side-by-side with those of cooperation and concession, resulting in a hard to make calculus. Defining its contours in a complex context, this paper understands the EU-Russia partnership as a fundamental piece in the peace-making puzzle, despite the many difficulties in the finding of a balance necessary for constructing stability throughout Europe.
The post-Cold War order offered new rules for the international game, requiring adjustments to the new conditions. In this new setting, the Union has increasingly gained relevance and international capacity to act in external affairs, while Russia still struggles with how to deal with its new status after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
The Union strategy towards Russia is built over the principle of stabilisation of its neighbourhood, through the development of a bilateral constructive relationship with the authorities in Moscow. Therefore, the EU recognises Russia a special place in its neighbourhood, in such a way that it does not include the Russian Federation in its Neighbourhood Policy package. Despite applying similar procedures and mechanisms to Russia to those envisaged in the Union’s Neighbourhood Policy, the fact of dealing with Russia in a separate framing demonstrates the relevance and weight Russian politics and actions have and which are recognised by the Union’s member states. The drivers behind this bilateral relationship are not, however, clear: is it based on conventional power logic and rivalry or on genuine civilian power? The mixing in cooperative and competitive policies and approaches confers on this relation an interesting dimension: both acknowledge the relevance of the other, the strategic benefits arising from mutual understanding, and the possible gains from collaboration not only for the two but for regional and global stability. But they also acknowledge deep differences in understandings and approaches.
By a process of gradual socialisation of security approaches, meaning a set of norms and values allowing an approximation to EU policies and ways of dealing, it aims at endorsing an enlarged security community in its still much uncertain neighbourhood. However, the institutionalisation of a relationship based on regular contacts and the signing of agreements, has not been accompanied by the clear sharing of values, norms and principles on policy procedures. Russia has been resisting to this Europeanisation process, restraining from socialising a security conceptualization that it wants to be its own. Deep differences in need of conciliation if the goal of a strategic partnership is to be pursued.
The post-Cold War order offered new rules for the international game, requiring adjustments to the new conditions. In this new setting, the Union has increasingly gained relevance and international capacity to act in external affairs, while Russia still struggles with how to deal with its new status after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
The Union strategy towards Russia is built over the principle of stabilisation of its neighbourhood, through the development of a bilateral constructive relationship with the authorities in Moscow. Therefore, the EU recognises Russia a special place in its neighbourhood, in such a way that it does not include the Russian Federation in its Neighbourhood Policy package. Despite applying similar procedures and mechanisms to Russia to those envisaged in the Union’s Neighbourhood Policy, the fact of dealing with Russia in a separate framing demonstrates the relevance and weight Russian politics and actions have and which are recognised by the Union’s member states. The drivers behind this bilateral relationship are not, however, clear: is it based on conventional power logic and rivalry or on genuine civilian power? The mixing in cooperative and competitive policies and approaches confers on this relation an interesting dimension: both acknowledge the relevance of the other, the strategic benefits arising from mutual understanding, and the possible gains from collaboration not only for the two but for regional and global stability. But they also acknowledge deep differences in understandings and approaches.
By a process of gradual socialisation of security approaches, meaning a set of norms and values allowing an approximation to EU policies and ways of dealing, it aims at endorsing an enlarged security community in its still much uncertain neighbourhood. However, the institutionalisation of a relationship based on regular contacts and the signing of agreements, has not been accompanied by the clear sharing of values, norms and principles on policy procedures. Russia has been resisting to this Europeanisation process, restraining from socialising a security conceptualization that it wants to be its own. Deep differences in need of conciliation if the goal of a strategic partnership is to be pursued.
